.there are two main types of reported speech: direct speech and indirect speech

.Direct speech repeats the exact words the person used, or how we remember their words

دو نوع نقل قول در زبان انگلیسی وجود دارد: نقل قول مستقیم و نقل قول غیرمستقیم.

جهت بيان نقل قول مستقيم، از زمان مناسب فعل say و علامت (” “) استفاده مي نماييم.

direct speech: ” Barbara said, “I didn’t realise it was midnight

indirect speech: She said “she loved the Toy Story films”

direct speech: ‘I worked as a waiter before becoming a chef,’ he said
indirect speech: He said he’d worked as a waiter before becoming a chef

.direct speech: ‘I‘ll phone you tomorrow,’ he said
“.indirect speech: He said “he’d phone me the next day

.Pronouns also usually change in indirect speech

ضمایر نیز معمولاً در گفتار غیر مستقیم تغییر می کنند.

'I enjoy working in my garden,' said Bob.

    Bob said that he enjoyed working in his garden.

'We played tennis for our school,' said Alina.

    Alina told me they'd played tennis for their school.

تغییر زمان افعال:

present simple changes to past simple
حال ساده به گذشته ساده:

هنگامی که ما نقل قول را به زمان گذشته تغییر می دهیم ، تغییرات ساده فعلی به گذشته ساده، تغییرات فعلی پیوسته به گذشته استمراری و تغییرات فعلی کامل به گذشته کامل.

direct: “I travel a lot in my job

indirect: Jamila said that she travelled a lot in her job

present continuous changes to past continuous

حال استمراری به گذشته استمراری:

‘The baby is sleeping‘

He told me the baby was sleeping

present perfect changes to past perfect

حال کامل به گذشته کامل:

I have hurt my leg’

She said she had hurt her leg

past simple changes to past perfect simple

گذشته ساده به گذشته کامل ساده:

We lived in China for five years’

She told me they had lived in China for five years

past continuous changes to past perfect continuous

گذشته استمراری به گذشته کامل استمراری:

It was raining all day’

He told me it had been raining all day

The past perfect doesn’t change

گذشته کامل تغییر نمی کند

‘I had tried everything without success, but this new medicine is great’

He said he had tried everything without success, but the new medicine was great.

اگر گوینده از زمان حال استفاده کرد و کاری در حال و آینده استمرار داشت دیگر لازم نیست زمان را تغییر دهید.

I go to the gym next to your house’

Jenny told me that she goes to the gym next to my house. I'm thinking about going with her.

‘I’m working in Italy for the next six months’

He told me he's working in Italy for the next six months. Maybe I should visit him!

‘I’ve broken my arm’

She said she's broken her arm, so she won't be at work this week.